Chapter 59 – Respiratory Virus Vaccines

Mucosal Immunology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415847-4.00059-8 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc. Chapter Outline Introduction 1129 Virology 1130 Paramyxoviruses 1130 Influenza Viruses 1130 Coronaviruses and Rhinoviruses 1131 Adenoviruses 1131 Clinical Features and Epidemiology 1131 RSV 1132 HPIV 1132 HMPV 1132 Influenza Viruses 1133 Coronaviruses 1133 Rhinoviruses 1134 Adenoviruses 1134 Pathogenesis 1134 Viral Factors 1134 Host Factors 1135 Immunopathology 1135 Immune Responses to Respiratory Virus Infection 1136 Innate Immune Responses 1136 Adaptive Immune Responses during a Primary Infection 1137 T Cell Responses 1137 B Cell Responses 1139 Recall Responses to Respiratory Viruses 1140 Mucosal Immune Responses to Respiratory Virus Infection 1141 Respiratory Virus Reinfection 1142 Respiratory Virus Vaccines 1143 Influenza 1143 Immune Responses Induced by TIVs and LAIVs in Healthy Adults and Children 1144 Immune Responses Induced by TIVs and LAIVs in the Elderly 1145 Immune Responses Induced by TIVs in Immuno-Compromised Individuals 1145 Immune Responses in Animal Models 1146 Correlates of Protection 1146 Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines 1147 Inactivated Whole-Virion Vaccines 1147 DNA Influenza Vaccines 1147 Universal Influenza Vaccines 1147 RSV 1148 HPIV 1150 HMPV 1151 Coronavirus 1151 Adenovirus 1152 New Developments in Mucosal Vaccination 1152 M-Cell-Targeted Vaccines 1152 Synthetic Delivery Systems 1153 Mucosal Adjuvants 1153 Virosomes and Immune Stimulating Complexes 1154 Toxin-Based Adjuvants 1154 Cytokine-Based Mucosal Adjuvants 1154 Immunization Routes 1155 Concluding Remarks 1155 References 1156 Chapter 59